Ziziphi iingxaki ekuguqulweni kwe-CNC kwezixhobo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo?

2026-01-12

Uchaneko Ukujika kwe-CNC idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukuchwetheza iindawo ezijikelezayo ezinokubotshelelwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwi-lathe. Ii-lathe ze-CNC zibonakaliswa bubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokuseta izixhobo ngokuchanekileyo. Zivumela ukuhlawulwa kwezixhobo ngesandla okanye ngokuzenzekelayo ngokuthe ngqo nangokuchanekileyo, okuvumela ukuchwetheza iindawo ezineemfuno ezingqongqo zokuchwetheza. Ngaphezu koko, intshukumo yesixhobo ekujikeni okulawulwa ngamanani ifezekiswa ngeenkqubo zokuchwetheza ezichanekileyo kakhulu kunye neenkqubo ze-servo drive. Xa kuchwethezwa ii-arcs okanye ezinye iindawo ezigobileyo, le ndlela ivelisa iimilo ezihambelana ngakumbi neemfuno zejometri zemizobo yoyilo xa kuthelekiswa nee-lathes ezikopishiweyo.

Intsimbi engagqwaliyo, equlethe i-16%–18% ye-chromium, idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yintsimbi engagqwaliyo engagqwaliyo engamelani ne-asidi okanye engamelani ne-corrosion. Inika ukumelana okuhle nokugqwala kwiindawo ezinomoya okanye ezinomhlwa kancinci kwaye igcina amandla aphezulu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu (>450°C). Yaziwa ngokuxhathisa kwayo ukugqwala, ukwakheka, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokuqina kwayo kumanqanaba obushushu abanzi, intsimbi engagqwaliyo isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini amakhulu, kumashishini alula, nakwiimveliso zemihla ngemihla.

Nini Umatshini wokugaya i-CNC Iinxalenye zentsimbi engagqwaliyo, iinjongo zisantya, ukuchaneka, kunye nokuchaneka. Nangona kunjalo, imingeni idla ngokudibana nayo ngexesha lenkqubo. Ngezantsi, sihlalutya ubunzima obuphambili obunokuvela ekuguqulweni kwe-CNC kwezinto zentsimbi engagqwaliyo.

1.      Amandla aphezulu obushushu kunye nokuqina
Amandla aphezulu obushushu kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi engagqwali kwenza kube nzima ukufezekisa ukusika ngesantya esiphezulu, nto leyo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo i-CNC machining. Lo ngumceli mngeni omkhulu ekusikweni kwentsimbi engagqwaliyo nge-CNC. Ngelixa iintsimbi ezingagqwaliyo ze-austenitic kunye ne-martensitic zingabonisi ubunzima obukhulu okanye amandla okutsalwa—xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi yekhabhoni enguNombolo 40—ukuphakama kwazo, ukunciphisa indawo, kunye nexabiso lempembelelo ziphezulu kakhulu. Umzekelo, ukwandiswa kwe-1Cr18Ni9Ti kuphezulu njenge-210% kwentsimbi enguNombolo 40. Oku kubangela ubunzima ekuqhekekeni kweetshiphusi ngexesha lesantya esiphezulu. Ukusika kwe-CNC, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla amaninzi ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo.

2.      Ukuqina komsebenzi kunye nokuncamathela
Intsimbi engagqwaliyo ithambekele ekuqineni nasekunamatheleni kweetshiphusi, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kobushushu okungekho semgangathweni kwenza kube nzima ngakumbi inkqubo yokusika. Ngexesha lokujika kwe-CNC ngesantya esiphezulu, intsimbi engagqwaliyo idla ngokuqina. Ukukhutshwa kwezinto zokusebenza ngencam yesixhobo kubangela ukuguqulwa kwendawo yokusika, okukhokelela ekutyibilikeni kwe-intragranular, ukuphazamiseka kwe-lattice, kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo. Oku kunokunyusa ubunzima bokusika ngokuphindwe kabini ukuya kathathu, kunye nomaleko oqinileyo ngamanye amaxesha ufikelela kumakhulu ee-micrometers ngobunzulu. Ukongeza, ukunamathela okunamandla kunye nokuhanjiswa kobushushu okungekho semgangathweni kweetshiphusi zentsimbi engagqwali kuncedisa ekwakhekeni komphetho owakhelwe kwincam yesixhobo kunye nomphetho wokusika, okwenza ukuba ukungcangcazela kube nzima ngexesha lokugaya kunye nokukhawulezisa ukuguguleka kwesixhobo.

3.      Iingxaki Zomatshini Wokuchwetheza Imisonto
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukungaqini kakuhle komphezulu wemisonto kunye nokuguguleka okukhulu kwezixhobo. Ngexesha lokugoba intsimbi engagqwaliyo nge-CNC, iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ezifana nokugqitywa komphezulu wemisonto okungekho mgangathweni, iipateni ezifana ne-fish-scale, kunye nokuluma kwezixhobo zihlala zisenzeka. Ezi zinto zibangelwa ikakhulu yi-engile encinci kakhulu yokukhulula kumacala omabini esixhobo sokugoba, nto leyo enyusa ukungqubana nomphezulu wemisonto kwaye yonakalise umgangatho womatshini. Ngaphezu koko, ukuguguleka kwezixhobo akunakujongwa, njengoko kutshintsha ii-engile ze-rake kunye ne-relief, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwandeni kwamandla okusika, ukungcangcazela, kunye nokuwohloka komphezulu oomatshini.

4.      Izinto zeZixhobo kunye neZixhobo zoMatshini
Ukuqina okunganelanga kunye nokuchaneka kakubi kwezixhobo zomatshini kubangela ukungcangcazela, okuchaphazela kakubi umgangatho womatshini wokugaya. Ukuqina kwesixhobo somatshini kunye nenkqubo yezixhobo nako kubalulekile. Iingxaki ezinje ngokuxinana okungakhuselekanga kwesixhobo sokugaya, ukuxhonywa kwezixhobo ngokugqithisileyo, ukuqina okunganelanga kwesibambi sesixhobo, kunye nokuchaneka okunganelanga kwesixhobo somatshini kunokubangela ukungcangcazela, ngaloo ndlela kubeke umgangatho womphezulu wentambo emngxunyeni. Ke ngoko, ngexesha lokusebenza, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesixhobo somatshini, isixhobo, kunye nomsebenzi, kunye nokulungisa ngononophelo ukuphakama kwencam yesixhobo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuluma kwezixhobo.

Nangona ukuchaneka kwe-CNC machining intsimbi engagqwaliyo inika ulungelelwaniso olumangalisayo lweempawu eziluncedo, iza nemingeni ethile. Iintsimbi ezingagqwaliyo ze-Austenitic zinobunzima bokusebenza nzima ngexesha lokwenziwa kwemishini, nto leyo enokunyusa ubulukhuni bazo. Ukuba ingcali yoomatshini ayiqhelananga nokulungiswa kwentsimbi engagqwaliyo, oku kunokukhawulezisa ukuguguleka kwezixhobo kwaye kuchaphazele kakubi umgangatho wemveliso egqityiweyo.

Ngaphezu koko, intsimbi engagqwaliyo ngokubanzi ine-thermal conductivity ephantsi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekukhuleni kobushushu kwindawo yokusika. Ngaphandle kokupholisa okwaneleyo kunye neeparameter zokusika ezifanelekileyo, amaqondo obushushu anokunyuka aphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukubangela ukuvakala kwentsimbi engagqwaliyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela ekucetywayo ukuba isetyenziswe ngayo inxalenye yentsimbi engagqwaliyo, oku kunokubangela iingxaki ezifana nokugqwala phakathi kwegranular kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-stress corrosion.

Nangona kukho le mingeni, oomatshini abanamava banokuvelisa intsimbi engagqwaliyo esemgangathweni ophezulu ngokuthembekileyo Iindawo ze-CNC logama nje kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo, kunye neendlela zokulungisa eziphucukileyo.